The Charging Bull was created at sculptor Arturo De Modica's own expense. In an act of guerilla art installation, De Modica originally placed the bull in front of the New York Stock Exchange building on December 15, 1989, in honor of the stock market's recovery after the 1987 crash. The sculpture was promptly impounded but was released after public outcry and was installed at its current location two blocks away from the Stock Exchange. Sometimes referred to as the Wall Street Bull, this sculpture represents aggression, financial optimism, and prosperity. It's flared nostrils, and forward stance appears to look like the bull is ready to charge.